10 Failures That Shaped American Cities

THE PROMISE OF AMERICA Ten Failures that Shaped the 20th Century American City by Laurence C. Gerckens, AICP 1 THE DEMISE OF COMMUNITY-ORIENTED DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT Prior to the far-flung adoption of zone in the late 1920s, many of the more or less notable successes in housing and approximation design and planning were the cogitation of political science agencies or limited dividend corporations. Plans for communities such as tone Hills Gardens, New York (built by the Russell Sage Foundation); Yorkship Village, New Jersey and nitty-gritty Park Gardens, Delaware (built by the federal government during World fight I); and Radburn, New Jersey and Sunnyside Gardens, New York (developed by the City housing Corporation) still serve as models of creative design. In these community of interests developments, architects, landscape architects, engineers, and builders cooperated in the integrated construction of entire neighborhoods, often complete with schools, parks, and local shopping areas. This allowed for economies of scale and improvements in mental synthesis and land assembly practices, resulting in lower costs.

Ironically, one of roughly notable successes of azoic twentieth century planners, the introduction of zoning (see page 4 of Successes article), when combined with the conservative, Clarence Stein and Henry Wrights 1929 plan for Radburn Editors Note: Unless otherwise indicated, sidebars were hustling by the Planning Commissioners Journals editorial staff. market-driven mood of the1920s, helped spell the end of this communityoriented approach to land development. Regulation of common soldier one-lot-at-a-time development was touted as providing the same advantages as direct neighborhood construction without community cost or the use of government land acquisition authority. Unfortunately, reliance on zoning had the resultant role of undermining some of the important planning values integral to these early twentieth century, neighborhood-oriented developments. In fact, zoning most often facilitated a... If you expect to get a full essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com

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