Urinary Fluid Electrolytes Essay -- Health, Hearth Disease

A 60 years old man was admitted into the infirmary with congestive liveliness failure and a history of heart disease. smell failure lead to this patients potentially fatal diagnosis of pneumonic and skirting(prenominal) edema. The heart actively works as a double wield meaning that each side could independently fail. When the heart starts to fail, a minify renal perfusion and sympathetic activation to the kidneys stimulate the release of renin. Renin will hold fast on to angiotensinogen to create angiotensin I. angiotonin I then travels by means of and through the lungs where the enzyme ACE cleaves off two amino acids to kind angiotensin II. Angiotensin II stimulates the release of the hormone aldosterone will increase the renal resorption of sodium and water. The increased volume can be deleterious stellar(a) to pulmonary and peripheral edema (Klabunde, PhD. 2007). When the left side of the heart fails pulmonary edema occurs. As the heart fails, the filiation vessels be come engorged with blood and pressure increases in the lung capillaries pushing fluid into the alveoli and lung tissue. As a government issue oxygen is unable to move as it typically would, causing a shortness in breath (Heller MD, 2009). If this was left untreated the patient whitethorn suffocate. The patient is alike suffering from peripheral edema this is usually delinquent to the right side of the heart failing. Once the right side of the heart fails, it can no longer effectively pump oxygenated blood through the capillaries. Blood then begins to stagnate in the bodies organs and fluid gets pushed into interstitial tissue (Marieb, 2010). Swelling generally occurs in the lower extremities and can eccentric permanent nerve damage if untreated. The patient was administered a potent curl up diuretic to treat his edema, furosemide... ...opment of hepatic encephalopathy to worsen (Seifter, 2007). Hyperaldosteronism has alike been associated with hypokalemia leading to renal c ystic disease. Cysts begin to appear in the pile up duct epithelium leading to interstitial fibrosis. The cause of these cysts are secret however ammoniagenesis seems play a role (Seifter, 2007). Furthermore, increased urination or polyuria is another complication. Increased thirst from the increase of angiotensin II also acts on the thirst center in the hypothalamus (Crumley, 2009). This is a mild form of diabetes insipidus.In conclusion, loop diuretics should be used with extreme caution when treating patients with congestive heart failure. Electrolytes test should be run frequently while on this medication. If this patient wouldnt have come in his conditions could have turn resulting in a life threatening situation.