Assisted Reproduction Essay

Abstract In this paper I will discuss the ethical issues surrounding surrogacy, freak donation, and discuss exploitations of women who choose to establish a lieutenant mother. In concomitant to these moral issues I will also explore the ethics and morals of IVF and the implantation of multiple eggs to one subject that may allow in multiple pedigrees. In the occurrence of multiple births the subject is confront with the decision of selective spontaneous abortion or the choice to give birth to all the fet examples with the risk of severe premature infants.With the birth of premature infants in that respect ar additional ethical decision tangled in the intervention of those infants that may be afflicted with mental faults and a multitude of aesculapian examination challenges. Surrogacy is the process in which a baby is created in a petri strike from the sperm of a piece of music and the eggs of a woman the resulting c at one timeptus is than transferred into a hos t or replacing in station to gestate. The surrogate simply carries the baby to term for couples who atomic number 18 unable to carry their avow child.They atomic number 18 helping regular sight become p bents. Ethics regard in surrogacy are the views of some that bank those that are unable to intend or carry a fetus should adopt. Also some believe that those who choose to be surrogates may be victimized. The truth is that adoption is a very rigorous process with lengthy applications and hold lists. The requirements in some cases take age of the adopting parents into consideration and they must interview with a accessible worker.In many cases once the adoptive parents cook jumped through hoops, and tended to(p) the Doctor appointments, paying for medical expenses, deco placed the nursery face mortification beca phthisis the birth mother has decided to keep the child. I believe to a salienter extent people would adopt if the rules were more accommodating for couples w ho wish to become parents and those children waiting to be adopted in foster homes and group homes (Ethics of Surrogacy). Although surrogacy is not as heavily regulated as adoption it is far easier for couple to use surrogacy to complete their family.I dont believe that surrogates are exploited because this would imply that only the rich are participating in surrogacy births when in actuality it is the middle classes that choose this process of conceiving a child, they use any monetary means necessary even if it means taking out a second mortgage on their home. They are educated people and have steady employment usually as school teachers, military staff office or social workers. They are much like the population of people that choose to be surrogates (Arguments against Surrogacy).Surrogates are compensated just the money gained by surrogates is often used to put a down payment on a house, or pay for their adult childs college learning or their own. They may choose to be a surro gate in order to remain at home with their own young children kind of than to work outside of the home. In fact one of the requirements for someone to become a surrogate is they must have children of their own. Other qualifications of a surrogate are she must be at least 21 geezerhood of age in order to be able to enter into a legal binding contract.They are provided with their own attorney to go everywhere the contract with them and they undergo a physiological test to be definite they have the correct mindset to be able to carry a child for someone else. These women are not universe taken value of in fact they are generous women by nature who are willing to give the ultimate gift. Egg donation and IVF also heighten many ethical issues. In the process of IVF the womans dust is stimulated to produce many eggs that can be consolidated with her partners sperm to create useable embryos for implantation.Some women are unable to produce their own eggs therefore must undertake t he eggs of others. Due to these circumstances the demand for egg donation is high. Women are donating their own eggs to assist infertile couple in conceiving a child. The issue brought up in egg donation is whether the woman should be paid. Some are compensated for travel expenses and child concern, but further stipend seems viable since these women have to undergo an outpatient surgical procedure in order to stimulate the ovaries and recover the eggs. There is large health risks involved in the procedure.There are fewer ethical concerns regarding sperm donation because there arent any health risks involved and the male can build up as many as 50 donations in a six-month period. muliebrity who chooses to donate their eggs can earn several hundred dollars man of whom use to pay for college. They are of a particular level of watchword and may possess some physical qualities that are desired. The argument in sperm and egg donation is that males can gravel a evenhandedly lucrativ e earning with little risk involved while women have to assure surgical procedures and risks of complications for less compensation than their counterparts (Fertility Expert).In the process of IVF eggs are harvested and stored for future use. In most cases multiple eggs are embed into the womb because the procedure is so constitutely and the chances of conception are better. The dickens main ethical questions that spring up from IVF are what is done with the eggs that are stored, and the ethical questions surrounding the cases of multiple births due to several eggs being implanted. This leads us to selective abortion. many another(prenominal) of the eggs that are stored for future use do not get used thus face disposal. Many view this as selective abortion even though the embryos are in petri dishes and not in a womb.Some eggs may be used for research which also raises many ethical questions and concerns. discriminating abortion often occurs when multiple eggs have been impla nted and it results in the possibility of multiple births. The fetuses are selected for abortion to increase the chances of survival for the be fetus or fetuses. In some cases the abortion in therapeutic because the resulting pregnancy could endanger the health of the mother. In some countries selective abortion is utilized because of sexual preference of the fetus. Typically this occurs in cultures where male babies are preferred and female babies are aborted.It is usually referred to as female foeticide. It occurs in countries such as India, and some Asian counties. In other cases selective abortion is used when embryos are screened for genetic abnormalities. If a genetic defect is found the pregnancy is terminated (BBC, ). In these cases such ethical questions that arise are the severity of the condition, the quality of life of the child contributions of the child and stinting factors. As a result of multiple egg implantation involved in IVF resulting in multiple births, the cha nce of premature birth is highly likely.Although there have been advances in technology that have allowed neonatologists to provide premies with robotic ventilation, intravenous nutrition and artificial surfactant there still mud many other uncontrollable complications. The ethical question that arises is at what cost and to what extent do providers take to keep these babies alive. Who makes the decision? The health care provider has a business to the mothers autonomy but to the beneficence of the fetuses as well in cases of selective abortion (NCBI, ).As defined by World Health Organization prematurity are babies that are born before 37 weeks. Babies that are born at 36 weeks are slow to eat and failure to thrive. Babies at 33 weeks have serious problems usually involving lung function, and babies born 28 weeks have significant problems and a minimal survival rate. They are risk of hypothermia, hypoglycaemia, hypocalcaemia, respiratory distress syndrome they are more susceptibl e to retrolental fibroplasia and blindness. The morbidity of premature babies is inversely tie in to gestational age.If the babies are discharged they have a higher readmission rate than babies that were born full term (Patient UK, ). Thus with all the complications that occur in a premature births the question that should be asked is what is the quality of life exit to be for these children. It is very costly to keep these children thriving and even once they have been discharges from the hospital they are still faced with health, psychomotor, and behavioral problems in the future. In families of multiple births this can be quite burdensome.I do believe that as a community we have a responsibility to what we can for these children that have defied all odds and have survived. Due to medical advances in reproductive technology there has been a huge social welfare to couples who have been able to have children due to these advancements. But with technology comes great responsibilit y and it is necessary to take a step back and count on at the history, the technology and the ethics that surround these advancements. As humans we make choices, some good and some bad. But with each choice we actuate society.