Primate Evolution Essays - Diets, Primate, Dietary Fiber, Nutrition

Primate Evolution Variation in the choices of food on a daily, seasonal, and yearly basis is one of the greatest differences between primate species. Primate diets have generally been divided into three main food categories-fruit, leaves and fauna (including insects, spiders, and bird's eggs for the most part). The different diets also are referred to as Frugivores, Folivores, and Insectivores (fruits, leaves and insects respectively). These gross dietary categories are correlated with aspects of primate activity patterns such as home range and group size. There are different problems that have to be overcome in order to obtain a balanced diet on a day-to-day basis. New leaves and mature leaves, for example, may have different nutritional bases or availabilities. Some fruits appear in large clumps while others are spread thinly over a larger area. Aside from diet, primates have tended to either adapt through specialized dentition and digestive systems or rely on a variety of different foods. Those that chose this second route have tended to have larger brain sizes relative to their overall body size. This may be due to the need to know where different types of food can be found at different times throughout the year. Have you ever looked at a picture of a gorilla or money that has what appears to be a "beer belly" look? Those primates that specialize on eating large amounts of vegetation have difficulty digesting their meals. Different solutions have been found including double stomachs or multichewes, but the problem usually requires an individual to sit back and let the digestive system work-and on the die expel gas. It hasn't been until recently that it was realized that primates, who evolved in the canopy, actually had a quite difficult time finding adequate nutrition. Due to natural selection, which strongly favors those traits enhancing foraging efficiency, and this difficulty finding sustenance, the characteristics regarded as belonging to primates were evolved. Most primates species either maximize the efficiency of their digestive track or maximize the quality and the volume of food processed in a day. Also. Those species, which increase the volume of food, consumed also tended to have larger brains because of a need to remember, not only what, but also where good food sources are and when they are in season. Knowing the trends of evolution, the next thing to do is to look at how it relates to humans. It can be seen that out closest living relative, the chimpanzee makes up 94% of his diet with plants. Most of this is fruit with high sugar and fiber content, meaning that chimps take in hundreds of grams of fiber per day; contrary to the 10 grams or less the advantage American consumes. This suggests that our diet should be higher in vitamin C, pectin, and fiber like our relatives in the wild. Ironically, the same natural selection, which favors the most energy-dense and low fiber diets, may now be causing us to suffer from too little fiber. Plants have been a major food eaten by primates. The primates were almost exclusively herbivorous. A strong focus on plant foods is characteristic of all primates-- and there is strong consensus that the primates were very strongly herbivorous (Milton 1987, 1993). Many plants are lacking vital nutrients, such as vitamins and the protein building blocks known as amino acids, that the monkeys and other animals require. Some plants lack enough carbohydrates to make them worthwhile as energy producers. Yet in all of these cases the primates would still search for specific plants that exhibited one or more of these traits, rather than just rely on the plant life that was within easy reach. The fact that the primates would make an active search from a variety of plants. One particular type of plant may have lacked was often complemented by the positive aspects of another plant. For example, fruits are low in fiber and protein and yet they are rich in valuable carbohydrates. If the primates had relied solely on eating fruit then they would have lacked sufficient protein and vital amino acids. To make up for that particular type of shortage, the monkeys eat certain leaves that are high in protein and fiber and that are also more abundant than the fruit. Together, the fruit and the leaves make for a much balanced diet for the primates. In order for the primates to rely on just one particular type of plant as a food source, the primates would have to travel quite a distance to obtain enough food from multiple trees of

Duties of Corporate people

Duties of Corporate people Introduction A corporation is a legal body created according to the laws of a particular state or country (Emerson, 2009). Today, corporations are formed through registration unlike in the past when they were established through charters. There are different forms of corporations but most companies are public held corporations (Emerson, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Duties of Corporate people specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Public held corporation is â€Å"a public traded corporation† and the shares of this corporation are traded on the public stock market (Emerson, 2009). The other type of corporation is the close corporation, which is the easiest to form; it is the simplest form of business ownership and many businesspersons prefer this form of corporation (Emerson, 2009). Small and medium enterprises fall in this category. The main difference between public held corporation and close corporation i s that, public held corporations are strictly managed; they have tight securities laws, require periodic disclosure, and have additional procedures requirements for business transactions compared to close held corporations (Emerson, 2009). Discussion Organizations have directors, officers, and shareholders and all of them perform different duties in the corporation. Directors in a corporation have a major responsibility to create and sustain long-term shareholders interest (Mallor, Barnes, Bowers, and Langvardt, 2010). As such, corporate directors provide oversight of the organization’s progress in terms of development. Mostly, they ensure that all plans and projects recommended by the management are enacted through enough funding and they approve recommendations made by the management (Mallor, et al, 2010). Corporation’s directors have a duty to understand the risks in any organization so that they can be able to plan adequately to ensure success of the company. Gener ally, corporation directors provide their services to the company in areas of management, decision-making, and leadership (Mallor, et al, 2010). In summary, they appoint CEO and other executive officers, implement plans, manage corporations, monitor finances, and approve major changes in a company (Mallor, et al, 2010). On the other hand, corporation officers are responsible for management of daily activities in an organization. They are responsible for creating sales, maximizing customer services, and driving all financial matters in an organization (Emerson, 2009). Generally, corporation officers implement projects, appoints key managers, set standards for the managers, and they design the company (Emerson, 2009).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Because corporation officers are many, they have different responsibilities. For example, CEO signs all legal documents , attends board meetings, and oversees daily activities in the organization while the vice president fills in when the CEO is absent (Bhabatosh, 2004). Chief Financial Officer is responsible in managing all financial matters and maintains financial records while the secretary has a responsibility to maintain and update all company records. The shareholders are also entitled to participate in issues of corporate governance. Although shareholder are not involved directly, they have made financial investment in a corporation and therefore they are entitled to elect directors in the organization and therefore directors are accountable to the shareholders at all times (Bhabatosh, 2004). Since corporation directors are responsible for the management of the company, some issues require shareholders approval within the organization. As such, shareholders are responsible for approval of restructuring or reorganization of the company, selling of the company’s asset, increasing or reduc ing numbers of directors in a company, amendments of the corporation share capital, and changing laws concerning shares ownership (Bhabatosh, 2004). Conclusion As observed, corporation directors, corporation officers, and shareholders all have unique responsibilities in an organization. It is necessary to understand that each role is very important and must be performed well to ensure that the company achieves the set goals to be successful. References Bhabatosh, B. (2004). Fundamental of financial management. Dewai: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. Emerson, R. (2009). Business Law. New York: Barrons Educational Series. Mallor, J. P., Barnes, A. J., Bowers, T., Langvardt, A. W. (2010). Business Law: The  Ethical, global and ecommerce environment. (14th Ed). New York: McGraw Hill.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Duties of Corporate people specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More