Best Practice for Estate Management in UK Universities Book Report/Review

Essays on Best Practice for Estate Management in UK Universities Book Report/Review Best Practices for E management in UK Universities Executive summary This report entails the causes of poor e management and theconsequences of such this poor management practices. Researchers have shown that there is under utilization of university premises by the university staff as well as the estate management department. This has resulted to inefficiencies in most universities in United Kingdom as well as massive losses. Introduction Real estate investment is one of the valuable and costly assets in the field of investment. There is need therefore for those investing in this worthy venture to understand basic principles of estate management in order to ensure maximum profits at reduced costs of establishment and management. University investments need to be managed properly and in the best way possible to ensure maximum utilization and good returns. One of the important alternatives in an organization is choosing procurement for the real estate selection. Over the past years there has been confusion on the difference between estate ownership on one hand and management, utilization and contemporary economic uncertainty on the other hand (Barry Haynes Nick Nunnington ,2010). Estate management and acquisition takes the form of business, cultural and financial approaches. The cultural approach is based on the desire of having complete control over the entire asset. The business approach is based on acquisition of the estate. Financial approach is based on accumulation of capital growth. Previous research Prosperity of an organization is based on management adaptability to transforming taking place around them. Real estate is not an exception. There is need for the management to be keen on any changes taking place around the business venture. The management should scan the market to detect on any changes that need to be in cooperated in the management of estate or else the business will lose its value. Changes in student’s tastes and preferences need to be considered by the estate management in making any decision that concerns estate management. Studies have revealed that commitment of the entire staff to identification of such changes is very vital in the better management of the university estate. The value of estate should reflect the market value at all time (Baker David 2007). Collection of data on real estate over a period of time helps in getting information to be used in the analysis of major trends in real estate management (Luck Gibson, 2006). Gibson and Luck developed components in the trends of real estate. They indentified new working practices, over sourcing, technology infrastructure and CRE management and strategy. The networking practices helped in the knowing the links between work activities and their impact on real estate management. Outsourcing is used in telling whether services of real estate management should be outsourced or gotten from within. The management should be in a position to analyze cost of outsourcing services in comparison with employing personnel in carrying out some management operations within the estate. Technological infrastructure tells the impact of technology on the efficiency of real estate management and the use of technology in maximizing output from real estate establishment. In cooperation of high speed internet within the estate cold help boost attraction to estate. This would help students carry out their researches efficiently and cheaply. Automation of major systems in the estate will help reduce the space taken by individual workers in carrying out their daily activities (Haynes Mannington, 2010).Major trends estate management that has been adopted includes: Creating the connection between management of facility to the strategies of establishing estate is an important aspect of estate management. The business objectives should be in line with the management procedures. The culture and branding the estate adopts should not contradict the satisfaction of employees and the users of the estate. Preparation to emergency and risks should to be considered in management of University estate management. Basic safety and security from attacks from terrorists and natural calamities should be put in place. The trends in management are another vital aspect to be considered. Changes in management departments and the general estate organization should be handled with care to ensure any hick up does not affect the entire university management (Michael Thorncroft , 1965). Sustenance of significance components of university estate is very important. Management of energy and performance of the buildings need to be looked into. Any measures that will ensure minimization of wastages should be treated with care. Recycling and reuse are very key terminologies that common in estate management. Lack of data on space management is contributing factor wastage of space used in establishment of estates. There is need for enough research on maximum space utilization in the establishment of university estates. Under utilization of spaces emanates from various reasons some of which are the way of teaching n university, how research and learning are done in most universities in united kingdom. Failure to maximize use of available spaces in the university results to space under utilization. Perception of university students and university staff on best practices of space utilization contributes a lot to space under utilization. In some cases poor time tabling and room allocation contributes a lot to space under utilization. It is a common practice in most universities to develop resistance in the morning and evening. A lot of resistance has also been witnessed on lesion allocation on Friday afternoon. Requesting room allocation of the rooms on a daily basis even though the room can only be used once a week or a month puts a lot of strain on room usage. Space utilization is more about people and place. There should be a balance between interests in space utilization and the demand for space. The estate management should look at the best way possible of ensuring that there exists a balance of customer demand for space, financial implications and the general management efficiency. Methods adopted The methods adopted in this research were the use of questionnaires and mathematical models in the analysis estate utilization compared to the output per usage. Variables in the mathematical modeling were the users of university premises as well as the monetary outcomes and time. Summary and conclusions Various universities in United Kingdom need to have given poor estate management a keen approach. There has been intensive research on the best management practices necessary eliminating poor estate management practices. Some universities need to introduce program on real estate management in order to equip university estate managers with necessary skills for managing university estates. The already employed estate management staffs need to be trained on best estate management practices to boost their efficiency at the work place. Estate is an investment and for this reason the university should take keen interests in maximizing its usage. Any under utilization needs to be prevented at all costs. The university time tables should be structured in such a way that ensures no under utilization of the university premises. There should be a strong link between the time tabling department and the estate management to reduce under utilization of the university premises. Thorough market research should be done to ensure that university estate is at par with the market technological trends. List of References Haynes B. Nunnington N. 2010. Corporate Real Estate Management – Strategy and Implementation. EG Books. Edwards, Victoria Ellison Louise 2004. Corporate Property Management; Aligning Real Estate with Business Strategy. Oxford: Blackwell Science. Baker, David 2007. Strategic Change Management in Public Sector Organizations’. Oxford: Chandos. Gibson, V. Luck, R. 2006. Longitudinal analysis of corporate real estate practice: Workplace strategies and facilities management: building in value. David Anthony Holloway B 2006. Strategic Management Accounting and Managerial Decision-Making re-conceptualized: towards a collaboratively oriented theory of organizational decision enhancement (ODE) . Higher Education Funding Council for England (2000) Estate Strategies; a guide to Good Practice HEFCE National Audit Office (2006) Getting the Best from Public Sector Office Accommodation London: The Stationery Office. NHS Estates (2005) Developing an Estate Strategy; Modernizing the NHS London: The Stationery Office Maintenance and Energy Management: Burton, Simon E.2001. Energy Efficient Office Refurbishment. Chanter B. and Swallow P.2007. Building Maintenance Management. (2nd Ed) Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Department for Education and Skills 2000-2003 Asset Management Plans (Guidance Documents Section 1-7). Higher Education Funding Council for England (1998) Building Repairs and Maintenance Study in the Higher Education Sector; National Report HEFCE June 98/30, and Management Review Guide HEFCE Space management group 2009. UK Higher Education Space Management Project Space utilization: practice, performance and guidelines. Viewed 21 November 2013. http://www.smg.ac.uk/documents/utilisation.pdf Space management group 2005.UK higher education space management project review of practice report. Bernadette C and Annamaria T 2007.Managing the University Community: Exploring Good Practice. The University of Edinburgh. Quality Infrastructure: Estate Strategy 2010-2020 Michael Thorncroft , 1965. Principles of Estate Management. Estates Gazette, Limited C.J. Arnison, 1988. The Real Principles of Estate Management. Property Management, Vol. 6 Iss: 4, pp.267 – 273 Tim Stapleton, 1994. Estate Management Practice. Estates Gazette, Limited Anthony Banfield, 2005. Stapletons Real Estate Management Practice.

The Globalization of Mcdonald’s Free Essays

string(226) " A franchise is a business arrangement under which one party \(the franchisor\) allows another \(the franchisee\) to operate an enterprise using its trademark, logo, product line, and methods of operation in return for a fee\." Leading the Global Enterprise System Abstract The organization chosen is McDonald’s. McDonald’s is a multibillion dollar corporation that has concurred the fast food industry around the globe. McDonald’s has grow by expanding into new competitive spaces, attaining a complex mixture of financial knowledge, custom understanding, developing material and knowledge assets, to expand the market possibilities and replicating and standardizing their practices to be duplicated in similar markets across the globe. We will write a custom essay sample on The Globalization of Mcdonald’s or any similar topic only for you Order Now McDonalds as a western corporation had to make adjustments in the way they think and react to situations and customs. This paper will demonstrate how McDonald’s developed an open-mindness on the part of their leadership. Outline and Annotated Bibliography Globalization A. Introduction 1. The globalization of a multi-billion dollar corporation. 2. This paper will provide a guide through a corporation that addresses its western effect on other nations through food. B. Points of discussion 1. Anti-globalization movement against the west. . There are several reasons why leadership fails to support the organization and its goals. 3. Increasing performance through deep change. 4. The Five stage approach competency model. C. Conclusions 1. Lack of leadership coupled with cultural sensitivity can provide success or failure. 2. Further research into developing leadership styles that would support and enhance the service provided in other non western nations. Introduction McDonald’s a multi-billion dollar corporation that utilizes local employees in each community.The mega giant has developed a tier of progression of success as it has an on going development of a component of the corporation’s strategic plan to educate their managers and line level employees. This occurs by developing a nurturing and ever developing environment for its staff. As such, McDonald’s has demonstrated its dedication throughout its globalization across the street and around the world through the development of a university designed to teach the managers how to lead. The Hamburger University is designed to teach basic management skills with an emphasis on consumer’s behavior and leadership skills.The university also focuses on restaurant specific skills to operate a specific restaurant in a particular geographic location. The utilization of the university has lead to the development of a global leadership program. In turn it has strengthened the management staff that supports its line workers in an achievement –oriented environment. The employees can meet with their managers to be challenged and empowered to find the solutions. This paper will address the techniques and measured outcomes of the globalization of the multi-billion Dollar Corporation and how it develops the staff through the leadership and training it provides. Culture (from the Latin cultural stemming from colere, meaning â€Å"to cultivate†)[1] generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activities significance and importance. Cultures can be â€Å"understood as systems of symbols and meanings that even their creators contest, that lack fixed boundaries, that are constantly in flux, and that interact and compete with one another†[2] Culture can be defined as all the ways of life including arts, beliefs and institutions of a population that are passed down from generation to generation.Culture has been called â€Å"the way of life for an entire society. â€Å"[3] As such, it includes codes of manners, dress, language, religion, rituals, norms of behavior such as law and morality, and systems of belief as well as the art. (Wikipedia, 2008)) Cultural diversity is explaining the differences between people, such as language, the way they dress and traditions and the way societies or ganize themselves, their conception of morality and religion, and the way they interact with the environment. (Wikipedia, 2008) Cultural competence refers to an ability to interact effectively with people of different cultures.Cultural competence comprises four components: (a) Awareness of one’s own cultural worldview, (b) Attitude towards cultural differences, (c) Knowledge of different cultural practices and worldviews, and (d) cross-cultural Skills. Developing cultural competence results in an ability to understand, communicate with, and effectively interact with people across cultures. Globalization Globalization is defined as the process of social, political, economic, cultural, and technological integration among countries around the world. (Hodgetts, Luthans, Doh) This process has occurred in almost every nation across the globe.Globalization has influenced international interaction of various cultures in order to exchange and educated other parts of the world. This process is designed to trade the culture’s services, ideas and products. Moreover, the encouragement of globalization has a significant impact on the political and economic involvement throughout the world. A major influence of globalization is food. Styles of foods are easily globalized throughout the world as each of us is made up of some sort of hybrid of a different culture. It is not uncommon for a grandmother to make a dish from the â€Å"old country† during a festive holiday.The consumption and preparation of the dish in its original ethnic form is what allows the globalization to continue throughout the generations. If changes occur to the originality of the food its cultural beliefs are somewhat diminished. McDonald’s a multi-billion dollar mega corporation decided to go global with the westernized fast food industry into foreign countries. This transformation bought one of the US most beloved foods to other geographical locations and impacted a generation. Most cultures infrequently accepted such a new concept of a food so its introduction was unfamiliar and extremely different. McDonald’s was the first corporation to introduce new eating habits and changes to other nations. As the introduction occurred throughout the world Catherine Schnaubelt wrote in her study that â€Å"McDonald’s has over 1. 5 million franchises in the United States and about half of the total franchises are outside the U. S. in over 120 countries. † As a result of the widespread introduction of McDonald’s the company has demonstrated its willingness to conform to the local culture by the pervasive enhances rather than contaminate its culture.As a result of these enhances McDonald’s has permitted most of the foreign franchises to be locally owned and operated however utilizing the core values of the corporation without creating undesirable affects on the culture. This is called franchising. A franchise is a business arrangement under which one party (the franchisor) allows another (the franchisee) to operate an enterprise using its trademark, logo, product line, and methods of operation in return for a fee. You read "The Globalization of Mcdonald’s" in category "Papers" (Hodgetts, Luthans, Doh) With that said, the individual culture and norms are integrated within the menu.This includes the religious and the culture’s diversity. However, in some nations McDonald’s is viewed as the west and its global movement away from long-established culturally based foods towards the consumption of fast food. This process Americanizes the culture it infiltrates by the restructuring of the local diet at some level. This infiltration is viewed in a negative manner by some and as hip by the younger generation that is exposed to more of American development through movies, music and the internet. Anti-GlobalizationIn 1999 a French farmer named Jose Bove of Brazil ransacked a McDonald’s only to become a hero to anti-globalization. His emergence at anti-globalization gatherings across the world and even in the US has given him overnight fame for his intrepid move in destroying a McDonald’s restaurant. Bove’s aspiration came from the desire to support the local farmers and to stop the destruction of the fields by extracting the goods and mixing them with unhealthy chemicals to enhance the flavor. Eric Schlosser (2002), states that â€Å"By eating like Americans people all over the world are beginning to look more like Americans, at least in one respect.The United States has one of the highest obesity rates of any industrialized nation in the world. † (p. 240). â€Å"As people eat more meals outside the home, they consume more calories, less fiber and more fat. † (p. 241). The introduction of unhealthy foods and eating habits of foreign foods into outside cultures radically affects the traditional culture found in the nation’s foods despite McDonald’s attempt to incorporate the nation’s culture and religious beliefs in the menu. Many Europeans worry about globalization’s effects on their food from the west.However, the prominent anti-globalization movement is actually a small minority. In fact, a clear majority of Europeans, especially the young, accepts that increasing global economic, political, and cultural exchange can enrich their country and their lives. They believe that a strong European Union can help them take advantage of globalization’s benefits while shielding them from its negative effects. Despite the views of others some Europeans believe globalization is what is right for Europe. Leadership Competency ModelThe types of leadership perspectives that McDonald’s incorporates in their management is the Leadership Competency Model. The Leadership Competency Model utilizes a leadership appraisal program. Each organization has its own process and culture to nurture its employees. Some processes often fail as they do not provide ownership to the participants and fail to account for the different cultures, climates, and nuances found in every organization. For effective change to take place you must involve the individuals in the development and implementation of any process. This guide uses a five stage approach for building a competency model: * Stage One – Assemble Focus team and create a list of processes. * Stage Two – Build behavioral indicators for each process. * Stage Three – Categorize the data. * Stage Four – Order each category. * Stage Five – Validate your competency model. The first stage in building a Leadership Competency Model is to assemble a Focus Team composed of a cross-functional mix of first-line leaders, middle leaders, and senior leaders.McDonald’s provides the Leadership Competency Model in conjunction with Hamburger University to develop leadership. Graduates from the university and those who participates in the Leadership Competency Model development of processes are considered the experts practitioners in their field. That is, they should be the finest in their fields. Using interviews, surveys, observations, including information on how individuals act, think, and feel while doing their jobs and other activities, create a list of the major processes and the requirements needed y leaders to disseminate in the workplace. In Stage Two, the members of the team identify the major behavioral indicators for each competency that must be performed to produce the desired outputs. Going through each competency, list the major behavioral indicators (Skills, Knowledge, attitudes) needed for superior performance (normally two to four). These behavioral indicators need to be: *Future-focused rather than need or problem-focused. * Part of a strategic planning or organizational change process model. In Stage Three, you categorize the data to include a leadership competency list divided into three categories, Core, Leadership, and Professional; with the behavioral indicator listed for each process. The core competencies is required of all individuals within the organization, the leadership competencies are specialty items for managers and supervisors, while the professional competencies are specific for each position. The competency list will insure that the chosen behavioral indicators are really the required skills, knowledge, or attitudes.The method used to organize the competencies is reduced to smaller, more manageable bundles of information that can easily be identified and used throughout the organization. Stage Four provides order to each category. Stage Four allows the identification of importance for each category. This allows the opportunity to discard unnecessary or excessive categories from the list. Stage Five allows validation of the instrument. This can be completed by utilizing duplication through replicating the original results: Replicate the original research results.This is done by obtaining another sample of superior performers, conducting interviews, and deriving a competency model. Creating departmental focus groups to allow more people to become involved, while at the same time, giving you less information to accumulate. Structured Interviews/Observation: Perform one-on-one interviews and observations with a random number of leaders throughout the organization to determine which competencies they perform and to get their opinions of which ones are the most important for the execution of their job.In order to develop a program to achieve this goal a strategic understanding and planning need to occur. Understanding motivation, the key to success, relates to the adhered interest and involvement in a goal-oriented task by a member of the team. There are a variety of ways to view what rewards affect learning and behavior in the workplace. Two such ways are intrinsic desires and external controls. Intrinsic desire is the desire of the learner to reach mastery of a skill, as well as situational factors, based on personal desires that drive or motivate the employee.External controls are those that are governed by the policies and procedures of the organization. These procedures prevent and/or protect the necessity and essence of the organization. Generally, lack of having available the sources of motivation which are the primary reason to retain an employee with a corporation is divided into two categories; each containing a number of components responding to related strategies. McDonald’s has developed a university to combat poor development within the company. In 1961, Fred turner, a former senior chairman and Ray Kroc’s first grillman founded Hamburger University.The university was developed to provide training that emphasized consistent restaurant operations to include procedures, services, quality and cleanliness. It is the company’s global center for training and leadership development. Currently there are more than 5,000 employees that attend the university each year. Since 1961 more than 80,000 managers, mid-managers and owner/operators have graduated from the university. Hamburger University was developed to foster the company mission to be the best aptitude in each of its employees.For employees who attend the university the hope is to instill Quality, Services, Cleanliness and Value (QSC;amp;V). Increasing Performance| | | | To attain excellence, an individual, group or organization must care enough about an activity to insist that it fully meets and exceeds the demands of its audience (either internal or external), and this involves a fair amount of risk. (Leslie, J. Velsor, E 1996) McDonald’s utilizes the five stage approach for building a competency model as a means to devise a road map of development for the employees within the company.The utilization of Hamburger University, the five stage approach and grasping the view of the Quality, Services, cleanliness and Value (QSC;amp;V) gives the employees the opportunity to reach for a deep change for success. Leadership and Culture Sensitivity Despite notable progress in the overall acceptance of globalization there continues to be continuing disparities in effects of the west emerging into other cultures. The acceptance status among the east and others compared to the U. S. opulation as a whole shows a vast difference in how corporations such as McDonalds can grow globally. In addition, the global system is becoming more challenged as the population becomes more ethnically diverse. Therefore, the future of globalization in areas such as China will be directly impacted by the influence of McDonalds to the social economical environment to provide substantial improvements. Cultural, ethnic, linguistic, and economic differences impact how individuals and groups access and use globalized products.They can also present barriers to effective communication between the leader and the employee if there is a lack of understanding of the language, culture or norms. This is especially true when leader’s stereotypes, misinterpret, make faulty assumptions, or otherwise mishandle their encounters with employees who are viewed as different in terms of their backgrounds and experiences. The demand for culturally competent leaders in the United States is a direct result of the need for leaders to handle operations that have gone global. The term cultural competence refers to the ability to work effectively with individuals from different cultural and ethnic backgrounds, or in settings where several cultures coexist. It includes the ability to understand the language, culture, and behaviors of other individuals and groups, and to make appropriate recommendations. Cultural competence exists on a continuum from incompetence to proficiency. Cultural sensitivity, which is a necessary component of cultural competence, means that leaders make a significant effort to be aware of and understand the culture in which they work.Cultural competence cannot be achieved through short workshops or classes. A long-term commitment is required to learn a second language and become familiar with other cultures to deliver an effective service for the ethnically diverse world and the potential and actual cultural factors that affect their interactions with a client. It also means that they are willing to design programs and materials and implement those programs to make recommendations that are culturally relevant and culturally specific. The terms cultural competence and culturally effective and are sometimes used synonymously.Culturally effective training is, indeed, related to cultural competence and cultural sensitivity. However, it goes beyond these concepts in describing the dynamic relationship between leader and employee. Effective communication between leaders and employees may be even more challenging when linguistic barriers exist. Cultural competence is a developmental process that requires a long-term commitment. It is not a specific end product that occurs after a two-hour workshop, but it is an active process of learning and practicing over time. Becoming culturally competent is discuss than to implement. Individuals working with different ethnic and cultural groups can become more culturally competent by advancing through three main stages: developing awareness, acquiring knowledge, and developing and maintaining cross-cultural skills. Developing cultural awareness includes recognizing the value of the population and its cultural diversity. It also means an honest assessment of one’s biases and stereotypes to include limits of their understanding. One can never learn enough about another culture. However, acquiring knowledge about other groups is the foundation of cultural competence.In addition to understanding other cultures, it is essential to understand how different cultural groups view themselves. Knowledge of another culture includes assessments of facts to include relevant norms, values, worldviews, and the practicality of everyday life and how that reflects in the business as a whole. Even though the United States is a pluralistic society, most employers have been trained in a mono-cultural tradition. In addition to this some leaders operate as if ethnic and cultural differences are insignificant.Cross-cultural skills are developed through formal training, informal interaction and experience. Organizational Responsibilities It is important for leaders to articulate a commitment to cultural competence and to initiate cultural-competence initiatives. Many companies receive social and legal pressures to do this from different segments of the cultures they impact. The development of professional preparation programs can play a significant role in providing the knowledge and skills for culturally competent leaders.These programs can provide on the job training and other formats developed with the sole purpose of addressing cultural competence and/or cultural sensitivity. They also can provide specific educational components on cultural competence and/or cultural sensitivity within the program. Trainings and in house development of skills is one thing but leaders need to go beyond educating their employees and providing workshops on cultural sensitivity they must also change institutional policies and procedures.This can be done by constant review and ongoing development of the skills needed. Steps to Becoming Culturally Competent Developing Awareness * Admitting personal biases, stereotypes, and prejudices * Becoming aware of cultural norms, attitudes, and beliefs * Valuing diversity * Willingness to extend oneself psychologically and physically to others * Recognizing comfort level in different situations Acquiring Knowledge * Knowing how your culture is viewed by others * Attending classes, workshops, and seminars about other cultures * Reading about other cultures Watching movies and documentaries about other cultures * Attending cultural events and festivals * Sharing knowledge and experiences with others * Visiting other countries before placement. Developing and Maintaining Cross-Cultural Skills * Making friends with people of different cultures * Establishing professional and working relationships with people of different cultures * Learning another language * Learning verbal and nonverbal cues of other cultures * Becoming more comfortable in cross-cultural situations * Assessing what works and what does not Assessing how the beliefs and behaviors of the cultural group affect the client or family * Learning to negotiate between the person’s beliefs and practices and the culture of your profession * Being more flexible * Attending continuing education seminars and workshops * Learning to develop culturally relevant and appropriate programs, materials, and interventions * Learning to evaluate culturally relevant and appropriate programs, materials, and interventions * Ongoing evaluation of personal feelings and rea ctions Overcoming fears, personal biases, stereotypes, and prejudices *Developing and implementing a strategy to recruit, retain, and promote qualified, diverse, and culturally competent administrative, and support staff * Promoting and supporting the necessary attitudes, behaviors, knowledge, and skills for staff to work respectfully and effectively with patients and each other in a culturally diverse work environment * Developing a comprehensive strategy to address culturally and linguistically appropriate services, including strategic goals, plans, policies, and procedures * Hiring and training interpreters and bilingual staff Providing a bilingual staff or free interpretation services to customers and employees with limited English skills * Translating and making available commonly used educational materials in different languages * Developing structures and procedures to address cross-cultural ethical and legal conflicts, complaints, or grievances. While cultural competence has increased significantly, there is still much to be done on the personal, organizational, and societal levels. Education and training to enhance the ability of a culturally effective leader must be integrated into lifelong learning. Through these activities, current and future leaders will be prepared to meet the needs of cultures from across the street and around the world. Conclusion In conclusion, globalization through the fast food industry has allowed the west to develop in other countries. McDonalds has been a dominating force in the immergence of western culture. The globalization within the food industry is not always received warmly by everyone in other nations. The fast food industry offers food items that change or may violate religious or cultural beliefs.However, McDonald’s has taken extreme efforts to develop a corporation that offers education and training to all of the employees. This training gives each restaurant the opportunity to develop within the five stage model utilized for leadership. By allowing restaurants to be locally owned by other nations through franchising allows for community owned companies. This thus allows them to drive changes in the menu to support the traditions and religious beliefs. With local owned restaurants it’s difficult to believe that there would be any resistance through anti-globalization.Anti-globalization only impedes global progress and can cause significant economic issues. McDonalds as a global leader has been successful in the development of its staff and support in the community.References | | Kaye, B and Jordon-Evans (1997) Love’em or Lose’em: Getting Good People to Stay O’Hagan, K. (2007) â€Å"Social Work Practice: â€Å"A Practical Guide for Professionals. † Jessica Kinglsey Publishers, 15 – 19 Northouse, P. (2007) Leadership Theory and Practice Sage Publications. Hodgetts, R. , Luthans, F. Doh, J (2006) â€Å"International Management† Culture, Strategy, and Behavior. | | Quinn, R. (1996) Deep Change: Discovering the Leader Within Taylor, J. ;amp; Riess, M. (1989). A field experiment of â€Å"self-serving† attributions to valenced causal factors. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 15, 337-348. Leslie, J. Velsor, E (1996) A Center for Creative Leadership: a Look at Derailment Today: North America and Europe Mann, R. D. (1959). A review of the relationships between personality and performance in small groups. Psychological Bulletin, 56, 241-270. Ekvall, G. , ;amp; Arvonen, J. (1994). Leadership profiles, situation and effectiveness. Creativity and Innovation Management, 3, 139-161. McCall, M. W.. , Jr. ;amp; Lambardo, M. M. (1983). Off the track: Why and how successful executives get derailed. Greensboro, NC: Center for Creative Leadership. Eric Schlosser (2002). Fast Food Nation American Academy of Pediatrics (1999). â€Å"Culturally Effective Pediatric Care: Education and Training Issues. † Pediatrics 103:167–170. Chin, Jean Lauu (2000). Culturally Competent Health Care. † Public Health Report 115:25–33 Kumanyika, Shiriki, and Morssink, Christian (1999). â€Å"Working Effectively in Cross-Cultural and Multicultural Settings. † In Nutrition and the Community, 4th edition, ed. Anita Owen, Patricia Splett, and George Owen. Boston: WCB McGraw-Hill. Internet Resource Office of Minority Health. â€Å"Assuring Cultural Competence in Health Care: Recommendations for National Standards and an Outcomes-Focused Research Agenda. † Available from lt;http://www. omhrc. gov/clasgt; How to cite The Globalization of Mcdonald’s, Papers

The Dustbowl of America in the 1930s Essay Example For Students

The Dustbowl of America in the 1930s Essay The Dust Bowl of North America refers to a catastrophe in the early 1930s when vast areas of the Midwestern and Western farm lands of America became wastelands. This occurred due to a series of dry years which coincided with the extension of agriculture in unsuitable lands. Droughts and dust storms caused by poor tillage practices devastated farms and ranches of the Great Plains; therefore, causing a great exodus of its inhabitants to other, more fertile, lands. The problem had become so great that a nation wide effort was made to resolve the problem. Beginning in 1935, extensive efforts were made by both federal and state governments to develop adequate programs for soil conservation and for the rehabilitation of the dust bowl. Eventually, thanks to government aid, farming became possible again in the Dust Bowl; consequently, farmers have learnt many valuable lessons from this dilemma. The European settlers who first arrived at the Great Plains found hardy grasslands that held the f ine-grained soil in place in spite of the long recurrent droughts and occasional torrential rains. A large number of the travelers settled down in this area and built farms and ranches. These land uses led to soil exposure and great erosion. The cattle ranches were very profitable for the settlers; unfortunately, this led to overgrazing and degradation of the soil. In addition, farmers began to plow the natural grass cover and plant their own crops. Without the original root systems of the grass to anchor the soil, much of it blew away. The wide row crops were very disastrous because between the crops, the land was kept bare; as a result, this area was exposed to the elements. Also, the nutrients in the soil were used up by the plants faster than they could be replaced. The soil had become exhausted. The Great Plains are a vast expanse of land located in a region east of the Rocky Mountains in North America. Precipitation in the region is sparse because it is found in the rainshadow of the Rockies; as a result, rain is very unpredictable as to when it will fall so farmers had to make due with what they had back in the 1930s. This lack of water created a hard dry soil that was very difficult to cultivate for agricultural purposes. The farmers, however, continued to cultivate the land and eventually disaster struck. The natural elements wreaked havoc on the exposed soil. Wind erosion blew away the dry and denuded soil and created clouds of dust that could be seen hundreds of miles away. These dust storms and sandstorms battered the settlers and buried their roads and homes in sand. The farmers problems became worse when it occasionally rained. The soil, bereft of its root system, was unable to absorb the water and as a result, the water ran over the surface and carried even more topsoil away. The disaster that struck the Great Plains in the 1930s left it without humus, nutrients, and plant cover. The land was un-cultivatable; thus, the government intervened with a number of reforms. They replanted grass and trees together with introducing scientific agricultural methods. The roots would help prevent further erosion. Broad leafed crops such as clover and alfalfa produce organic matter and available nitrogen; accordingly, they were planted and also because they absorb the force of the rain and their roots bind the soil. Another important lesson learnt from the Dust Bowl disaster was the importance of proper schooling. Farmers had to be taught to return wheat stubble and straw after harvesting for organic material and prevention against erosion. Farmers were also taught to contour plow on steeper slopes in order to prevent the rapid run-off of water that would result in erosion. Cattle ranchers were instructed on the importance of controlling the number of animals on their l and so overgrazing did not occur. These steps taken by the government helped make the Great Plains fertile once again and today it is thriving. In order for the Dust Bowl catastrophe to be prevented from ever happening again, farmers must be well-taught in the principles of soil conservation. The methods are essential for a healthy and fertile soil which will continue to yield bountiful crops. The Dust Bowl of the 1930s was an ecological disaster that destroyed the livelihoods of many farmers and ranchers. In an ironic twist, the settlers who inhabited the lands inevitably were the instruments of their own demise. Their lack of knowledge and poor agricultural practices led to the erosion of the Prairies on a massive scale. Great amounts of soil were eroded by both wind and water; however, it was the settlers who allowed this to happen because of farming and ranching techniques. The situation was only resolved after a tremendous effort by the government to solve the predicament. The Dust Bowl catastrophe is a valuable learning experience for farmers and ranchers alike because it demonstrates the dangers of the development of agriculture without proper knowledge. In order for the problem to never arise again, farmers and ranchers must learn from the mistakes of the past.

Marketing Principles free essay sample

Understand the individual elements of the extended market mix Explain how products are developed to sustain competitive advantage 3. 1) Competitive advantage is when a company has a strategic advantage over its rivals. Products can be developed to have a competitive advantage if all developments are made to the product before it goes on the market instead of having many versions of a product which get better as more updated versions of the product are released. The development of new products has to be based on the wants and needs of the customers. Rather than simply releasing a product and waiting to see if the demand is there for it, firms should be conducting market research beforehand in an attempt to find out whether there is a) a demand for a product and b) a gap in the market for the particular product if the firm releases it. You can make your product different from products made by your opposition, if you can differentiate your product from that of your competitors, then you can position yourself in a prime position in the market. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Principles or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If you can provide unique and special benefits to your customers that no one else can provide them, then you are well-positioned to maintain them as loyal customers. Explain how distribution is arranged to provide customer convenience 3. 2) There are several ways in which businesses arrange distribution to provide customer convenience. The methods used may vary slightly based on what sort of business is being operated. Distribution comes under the place category in the market mix and companies develop proper distribution systems because accessibility of the customers enhances the potential sales for a company. For example, if the Coca Cola Company does not outsource its distribution services and Coca Cola bottles would have been available only from the factories then customers might not have been willing to get them. It is more convenient for the customers to get Coca Cola drinks from nearby retailers as opposed to getting it from a wholesaler. Therefore, distribution can become a major strength or a weakness for a company. Explain how prices are set to reflect an organisations objectives and market conditions 3. ) Prices are always established with an organizations objectives or goals and market conditions in mind. Management decides the marketing strategy, sets the organizational goals and objectives, and decides on what product lines and services are worth pursuing. For this reason, prices are always subject to the character and beliefs of those who lead the organization. Prices are also established based on an organizations goals and the market conditions at any given time in the busin esss operations. Companies examine the market and look at the way certain products are performing. This is how they determine if a product is going to be included in their own product lines or services that they offer. This is also how they decide if they are going to continue to produce a particular product. Products that dont perform well are often discontinued. Sometimes, prices may be lowered, but this is difficult to do if production costs are still high. A business that cannot see a profit or a sufficient profit on a particular product will simply discontinue it rather than lower the purchase price and lose money on production. Businesses also look at market conditions in terms of competitor performance and pricing in order to set their own success measures. This is why you will see many businesses producing similar products and pricing those products very similarly as well. Illustrate how promotional activity is integrated to achieve marketing objectives 3. 4) Marketing objectives include objectives to do with profits earned for the company and promotional activities really encourage sales, attract new customers and promote products which help them sell even more quickly and help the company earn more money. Promotional activities include in-store demonstrations such as samples of new product being given away to customers for free this promotes certain products, coupons which encourage people to buy products because they get discounts on the items and advertising campaigns which attract people attention to your company and also advertisements help build awareness of both the company and its products. People would not know a particular company offers certain products unless the company advertises them. Analyse the additional elements of the extended marketing mixes 3. 5) The additional 3p’s added to the traditional 4p’s are physical layout (how a shop looks), provision of customer service (how well customers are served) and processes. Physical layout -today consumers typically come into contact with products in retail units and they expect a high level of presentation in modern shops e. g. record stores, clothes shops etc. Not only do they need to easily find their way around the store, but they also often expect a good standard or presentation. Provision of customer service customer service is very important in modern service industries. Customers are likely to be loyal to organisations that serve them well from the way, in which a telephone query is handled, to direct face-to-face interactions. Processes associated with customer service are a number of processes involved in making marketing effective in an organization e. g. processes for handling customer complaints, processes for identifying customer needs and requirements, processes for handling order etc. Marketing Principles free essay sample Be able to use the concepts of segmentation, targeting and positioning 3. Understand the individual elements of the extended marketing mix 4. Be able to use the marketing mix in different contexts. Outcomes LO1 Understand the concept and process of marketing LO2 Be able to use the On successful completion of this unit a learner will: LO 1. 1 explain the various elements of the marketing process LO 1. 2 evaluate the benefits and costs of a marketing orientation for a selected organisation LO 2. 1 show macro and micro environmental factors which influence marketing decisions LO 2. propose segmentation criteria to be used for products in different markets LO 2. 3 choose a targeting strategy for a selected product/service LO 2. 4 demonstrate how buyer behaviour affects marketing activities in different buying situations LO 2. 5 propose new positioning for a selected product/service concepts of segmentation, targeting and positioning LO3 Understand the LO 3. 1 explain how products are dev eloped to sustain competitive advantage LO 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Principles or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2 explain how distribution is arranged to provide customer explain how prices are set to reflect an organisation’s ndividual elements of the extended marketing mix convenience LO 3. 3 objectives and market conditions LO 3. 4 illustrate how promotional activity is integrated to achieve marketing objectives LO 3. 5 analyse the additional elements of the extended marketing mix 3 Unit 4: Marketing Principles Regent College BTEC Higher National Diploma in Business LO4 Be able to use the LO 4. 1 plan marketing mixes for two different segments in consumer markets LO 4. 2 illustrate differences in marketing products and services to businesses rather than consumers LO 4. show how and why international marketing differs from domestic marketing. marketing mix in different contexts. 4 Unit 4: Marketing Principles Regent College BTEC Higher National Diploma in Business Programme: Unit Number: Unit Title: Module Tutor: Email: BTEC Higher National Certificate in Business 4 Marketing Principles Nalika Danthasinghe/Twain Moss Nalika. [emailprotected] uk. com Twain. [emailprotected] uk. om 1. Report 11/02/2013 14/06/2013 Produce a report to present to the Managing Director of your chosen company. The must be written in professional manner and properly referenced. The report should comply with the word count of 2500 with +/- 10% margin. You may use tables and diagrams to support your report to illustrate the text. Word count excludes the index, headings, information contained in tables, references and bibliography. Assessment Type: Individual Assignment Number: Distribution Date: Submission Date: Assessment Format: As a newly appointed Marketing Manager, you are required to carry out a detailed industry analysis for your chosen organisation. The purpose of this is to formulate a suitable marketing campaign for your chosen organisation. Produce a report detailing the below. As part of the introduction to the report give a brief explanation of the various elements of the marketing process (LO 1. 1) Evaluate the benefits and costs of a marketing orientation for the selected organisation. (LO 1. 2) Carry out a thorough organisation, industry and market environment situation analysis. For this, identify and analyse Macro environment, Micro external environment, Micro internal environment and the capabilities using a range of tools and techniques suitable for each market situation. Summarised your analysis using a SWOT Analysis. Include minimum key factors such as the different analysis models, you must carry out; Macro environment analysis Micro external environment 5 Unit 4: Marketing Principles Regent College BTEC Higher National Diploma in Business Micro Internal (Core Distinctive competencies) Capabilities You must carry out the above analysis and you are welcome to use more tools and techniques to support your findings. Summarise your finding through a SWOT analysis (LO 2. 1) Following the SWOT analysis identify a product/service hat can be marketed to two different segments. Justify your reason for the proposed segmentation criteria. (LO 2. 2) Choose a target strategy for the chosen product/service. (LO 2. 3) For the chosen strategy discuss how the buyer behaviour affects marketing activities in different buying situations. Discuss the buyer behaviour in relation to the segmentation criteria you have identified. (LO 2. 4) Suggest a range of position ing options for your selected product/service (LO 2. 5) Develop a marketing plan for the proposed strategy addressing the issues identified in the marketing analysis. For example you may identify the strategies such as, Increase existing market share through market stimulation Increase existing market share through new product development Entering a new market through introducing existing product(s) to a new market Entering a new market through new product development Focus on one of the objectives and develop a marketing plan. Provide a justification and an explanation with reasons for the chosen strategy. Your explanation should include, ? how the product is going to be developed to sustain competitive advantage (LO 3. ) ? how distribution is going to be arranged to provide customer convenience (LO 3. 2) ? how you would set the price of the product to reflect organisation’s objectives and marketing conditions (LO 3. 3) Plan and recommend marketing mixes for the two different segments you have discussed in the Assignment 01. (LO 4. 1) For the segments you have discussed above clearly explain the marketing mix with including the promotion e lement. You should discuss how the promotional activity is integrated to achieve marketing objective. (LO 3. ) Include an analysis into the additional elements of the extended marketing mix, providing your marketing plan (LO 3. 5) To summarise your findings and recommendations, ? Suggest a budget, resources and a timescale. 6 Unit 4: Marketing Principles Regent College BTEC Higher National Diploma in Business Programme: Unit Number: Unit Title: Module Tutor: Email: BTEC Higher National Certificate in Business 4 Marketing Principles Nalika Danthasinghe/Twain Moss Nalika. [emailprotected] uk. com Twain. [emailprotected] uk. com Assignment Number: Distribution Date: 2. Essay Questions 11/02/2013 Submission Date: Assessment Format: 14/06/2013 Apart from the above main assignment you are required to answer the following questions. The answers should take the format of a written essay. The word count is flexible for this task however it is recommended that at least 500 words are used to discuss each question. Assessment Type: Individual Question 02 In Assignment 1, you have developed a marketing strategy to market the products and services to the consumer. What differences are there if you market your products and services to an organisation? (LO 4. 2) Question 03 Think of marketing abroad. Following the completion of assignment 1, suggest on implementing a marketing strategy to market abroad. What would be different from international marketing to domestic marketing? (LO 4. 3) 7 Unit 4: Marketing Principles Regent College BTEC Higher National Diploma in Business Assessment Criteria: P1-P15 Pass Criteria M1-M4 Merit Criteria D1-D3 Distinction Criteria To Achieve a Pass To gain a pass grade you must attempt all three assignments and you must satisfy the pass criteria as outlined below. LO 1. 1 explain the various elements of the marketing process (P1) LO 1. evaluate the benefits and costs of a marketing orientation for a selected organisation (P2) LO 2. 1 show macro and micro environmental factors which influence marketing decisions (P3) LO 2. 2 propose segmentation criteria to be used for products in different markets (P4) LO 2. 3 choose a targeting strategy for a selected product/service (P5) LO 2. 4 demonstrate how buyer behaviour affects marketing activities in diffe rent buying situations (P6) LO 2. 5 propose new positioning for a selected product/service (P7) LO 3. 1 explain how products are developed to sustain competitive advantage (P8) LO 3. explain how distribution is arranged to provide customer convenience (P9) LO 3. 3 explain how prices are set to reflect an organisation’s objectives and market conditions (P10) LO 3. 4 illustrate how promotional activity is integrated to achieve marketing objectives (P11) LO 3. 5 analyse the additional elements of the extended marketing mix (P12) LO 4. 1 plan marketing mixes for two different segments in consumer markets (P13) LO 4. 2 illustrate differences in marketing products and services to businesses rather than consumers (P14) LO 4. 3 show how and why international marketing differs from domestic marketing (P15) Unit 4: Marketing Principles Regent College BTEC Higher National Diploma in Business To Achieve a Merit To gain a merit grade you must achieve all the pass mark criteria and in addi tion you must satisfy the criteria as outlined below. Submit your work on time and in appropriate format. (M1) Identify and apply strategies to find appropriate solutions through effective judgement (M2) Select/design and apply appropriate methods/techniques. You are judged on the application of relevant theories and techniques and the justification for their application (M3) Present and communicate appropriate findings. This includes the use the appropriate structure and approach with coherent, logical development of principles/concepts for the intended audience (M4) To Achieve a Distinction To gain a Distinction grade you must achieve all the pass mark criteria and all the merit mark criteria and in addition you must satisfy the criteria as outlined below. Use critical reflection to evaluate own work and justify valid conclusions including realistic improvements which have been proposed against defined characteristics for success. D1) Demonstrate convergent / lateral/creative thinking by showing evidence on receptiveness to new ideas and effective thinking in unfamiliar contexts. (D2) Take responsibility for managing and organising activities including accommodating the unforeseen and recognising the importance of interdependence. (D3) Your subject tutor will be able to give you general guidance and feedback on improving your work however it is your responsibility to seek feedback from the subject tutors on the above criteria for you to achieve the intended grades. 9 Unit 4: Marketing Principles Regent College BTEC Higher National Diploma in Business Support materials Textbooks Adcock D et al — Marketing Principles and Practice 4th Edition (Pitman Publishing, 2001) ISBN: 027364677X Brassington F and Pettitt S — Principles of Marketing 3rd Edition (FT/Prentice Hall, 2003) ISBN: 0273657917 Jobber D — Principles and Practice of Marketing 3rd Edition (McGraw Hill, 2001) ISBN: 0077096134 Kotler P et al — Principles of Marketing 3rd European Edition (FT/Prentice Hall, 2001) ISBN: 0273646621 Magazines, journals and newspapers Campaign Harvard Business Review Journal of Marketing Management Marketing Review Marketing Marketing Business Marketing Week The Financial Times and other daily newspapers which contain a business section and market reports Videos The Marketing Mix at Cadbury’s (1998, TV Choice) Marketing Decisions (1998, TV Choice) What is Marketing? (2001, TV Choice) Websites www. bized. ac. uk www. cim. co. uk Provides case studies appropriate for educational purposes The Chartered Institute of Marketingâ€℠¢s site contains a useful knowledge centre www. ft. com The Financial Times business sections www. marketing. haynet. com Marketing magazine www. thetimes100. co. uk multimedia resources 10 Unit 4: Marketing Principles Regent College BTEC Higher National Diploma in Business Plagiarism and Collusion When producing the assignments, Learners must not copy any material whole or part from fellow students intentionally or unintentionally. Any materials including phrases, paragraphs, diagrams, tables, charts or graphics copied from books, journals, web sites or any other sources must be properly referenced according to the Harvard referencing system. Even if the words are changed or altered learners must clearly reference the source. However learners must not include contents from other sources for over 25% of overall assignment, therefore learners are required to produce a ‘Turn-it-in’ originality report for any coursework, essays submitted for assessment. Any assignments submitted without a ‘Turn-it-in’ report will be refused and returned without marking. Collusion: Unless stated otherwise, you must not produce assignments in collaboration with fellow students where the assessment is based on the individual work. Such material will be refused by the assessor and you will receive no mark. You must not share your individual assignments with fellow students and in an event both lender and the receiver will be disqualified for the assessment. Plagiarism and Collusion is seriously dealt with according to the regulations at Regent College and any learner who fails to produce an original piece of work may disqualify of taking the assessment and may have to repeat the unit. Extension and Late Submission If you require an extension you must produce a valid reason with evidence. You must request extension using a coursework extension request form available from the college. Please note that the lecturers do not have the authority to extend the coursework deadlines and therefore do not ask them to award a coursework extension. The completed form must be accompanied by evidence such as a medical certificate in the event of you being sick. Late ubmission will only receive a pass mark unless you provide a valid reason for the late submission with evidence. However the assessor has the right to refuse your assignment if you submit after the deadline unless you provide a valid reason for the late submission with evidence. Any late su bmissions must accompany a completed Late Submission form with the evidence such as a medical certificate in the event of you being sick. 11 Unit 4: Marketing Principles Regent College BTEC Higher National Diploma in Business Attendance and Punctuality The student must attend all lessons on time. In case of illness, the student must contact the college before 9. 0am in the morning of the day of the lesson to inform of their absence. The attendance and punctuality will be monitored by the College. Student who is late more than 15 minutes to the lesson will not be allowed in and marked as absence. Student must maintain 80% attendance for each unit to be eligible to submit their work for assessment. The student will face an automatic referral for any unit where student’s attendance falls below 80%. The student has to retake such units by attending next cohort. This is subject to availability of the unit and the College is not obligated to provide specific extra teaching hours to those who have missed lessons. Unless there are mitigating circumstances, the absence will not exempt student from paying their fees and will face the same rules and regulations of a student who missed payment. General Guidance This unit is assessed on 100% coursework including your active participation in lessons and class activities. You must submit assignment 1 and 2 to receive an overall mark. You must clearly reference your work according to the Harvard Referencing Guide. Work submitted without proper reference will not be marked. You should plan well in advance on how to tackle this assignment. You should seek knowledge outside the classroom lectures and activities to gain maximum learning outcome. You should access recommended upporting materials as suggested and use the knowledge in your assignments. In terms of attendance and participation, you should attend lessons regularly and participate in class activities which would be taken into account before the final mark is awarded. Your participation in the l essons will count towards your grades and your regular attendance is in line with the College regulations and the Home Office regulations (for international students). 12 Unit 4: Marketing Principles Regent College BTEC Higher National Diploma in Business Feedback Sheet Programme: Unit Number and Title: Module Tutor: BTEC Higher National Certificate in Business Unit 4, Marketing Principles Learner name: .. Information/feedback on assessment and grading criteria Assessment criteria (Pass-P) LO 1. 1 explain the various elements of the marketing Achieved Evidence Feedback Yes/No process (P1) LO 1. 2 evaluate the benefits and costs of a marketing orientation for a selected organisation (P2) LO 2. 1 show macro and micro environmental factors which Yes/No Yes/No influence marketing decisions (P3) LO 2. 2 propose segmentation Yes/No criteria to be used for products in different markets (P4) LO 2. 3 choose a targeting Yes/No strategy for a selected product/service (P5) LO 2. demonstrate how buyer Yes/No behaviour affects marketing activities in different buying situations (P6) LO 2. 5 propose new positioning Yes/No 13 Unit 4: Marketing Principles Regent College BTEC Higher National Diploma in Business for a selected product/service (P7) LO 3. 1 explain how products Yes/No are developed to sustain competitive advantage (P8) LO 3. 2 explain how distribution Yes/No is arranged to provide customer convenience (P9) LO 3. 3 explain how prices are Yes/No set to reflect an organisation’s objectives and market conditions (P10) LO 3. 4 illustrate activity how Yes/No is promotional integrated to achieve marketing objectives (P11) LO 3. analyse the additional Yes/No elements of the extended marketing mix (P12) LO 4. 1 plan marketing mixes Yes/No for two different segments in consumer markets (P13) LO 4. 2 illustrate differences in Yes/No marketing products and services to businesses rather than consumers (P14) LO 4. 3 show how and why Yes/No international marketing differs from domestic marketing (P15) 14 Unit 4: Marketing Principles Regent College BTEC Higher National Diploma in Business Grading criteria (Merit-M; Destination-D) Submit your work on time and in appropriate format. (M1) Identify and apply strategies to find appropriate solutions Yes/No Yes/No Achiev ed Evidence Feedback hrough effective judgement (M2) Select/design appropriate methods/techniqu es. You are judged on the application of relevant theories and and apply Yes/No techniques and the justification for their application (M3) Present and communicate findings. the use This the and Yes/No appropriate includes appropriate approach logical structure with coherent, of the development for principles/concepts intended audience (M4) Use critical reflection to Yes/No evaluate own work and justify valid conclusions including realistic improvements which have been proposed against defined characteristics for success. (D1) Demonstrate convergent / Yes/No 15 Unit 4: Marketing Principles Regent College BTEC Higher National Diploma in Business ateral/creative showing thinking by on evidence receptiveness to new ideas and effective thinking in unfamiliar contexts. (D2) Take managing activities responsibility and for Yes/No organising including accommodating the unforeseen and recognising the of importance interdependence. (D3) Assessor’s general comments: Assessor’s Si gnature: . Print Name: . Date: .. 16 Unit 4: Marketing Principles Regent College

Free Essays on Alexander Hamiton

Alexander Hamilton was born on the island of Nevis in the Caribbean in 1758. Hamilton’s parents were James Hamilton and Rachel Lavien. His parents started a family but they never married. In 1765 James left the family with Rachel when they moved to the island of St. Croix. Rachel and the boys opened a small shop in the main town. Alexander’s first job was that of a trading post clerk for Cruger and Beckman. St. Croix’s main export then was sugar and slaves. At the age of seventeen Hamilton moved to the state of New York. Early on in Hamilton’s life from seeing the brutal ways of slavery gave him a strong opinion of opposing slavery. Hamilton’s education was attending King college and later Columbia while he was in New York. He never considered himself as a revolutionary but in 1775 he joined the New York militia. Alexander always thought that the colonies and Britain would find a way to bind together. Hamilton was a captain of the New Yo rk Artillery Company. After two years Commander-and-Chief George Washington made him a lieutenant colonel. This rank boosted Hamilton’s future in the career of politics. In 1787 Hamilton was a New York delegate to the constitutional convention. His philosophy rested in the true colonialist fashion. He believed in such ideas like seating the president for life, so that he would not be subject to the whims of the corrupt election process. The second major distinguishing feature of Hamilton’s political philosophy was the emphasis on energetic government. He believed that the government should be proactive in economic and military affairs, have the direct power the supersede lower governments (as at the state level), and be able to exercise authority directly on the people. Only a energetic government would be able to provide the stability and order necessary to secure the liberty of the people, especially over such a large area as the United States. Hamilton wrote a ... Free Essays on Alexander Hamiton Free Essays on Alexander Hamiton Alexander Hamilton was born on the island of Nevis in the Caribbean in 1758. Hamilton’s parents were James Hamilton and Rachel Lavien. His parents started a family but they never married. In 1765 James left the family with Rachel when they moved to the island of St. Croix. Rachel and the boys opened a small shop in the main town. Alexander’s first job was that of a trading post clerk for Cruger and Beckman. St. Croix’s main export then was sugar and slaves. At the age of seventeen Hamilton moved to the state of New York. Early on in Hamilton’s life from seeing the brutal ways of slavery gave him a strong opinion of opposing slavery. Hamilton’s education was attending King college and later Columbia while he was in New York. He never considered himself as a revolutionary but in 1775 he joined the New York militia. Alexander always thought that the colonies and Britain would find a way to bind together. Hamilton was a captain of the New Yo rk Artillery Company. After two years Commander-and-Chief George Washington made him a lieutenant colonel. This rank boosted Hamilton’s future in the career of politics. In 1787 Hamilton was a New York delegate to the constitutional convention. His philosophy rested in the true colonialist fashion. He believed in such ideas like seating the president for life, so that he would not be subject to the whims of the corrupt election process. The second major distinguishing feature of Hamilton’s political philosophy was the emphasis on energetic government. He believed that the government should be proactive in economic and military affairs, have the direct power the supersede lower governments (as at the state level), and be able to exercise authority directly on the people. Only a energetic government would be able to provide the stability and order necessary to secure the liberty of the people, especially over such a large area as the United States. Hamilton wrote a ...

Free PDF Library for Delphi Developers

Free PDF Library for Delphi Developers Are you developing a Delphi application with a task to do PDF document manipulations? Portable Document Format, PDF, is a file format created by Adobe for document exchange. While there are many (commercial) Delphi libraries designed to help you create PDF and/or manipulate PDF documents, if you only need to load an existing PDF document, get the information from it (number of pages, security, is it linearized) and even write some information to it (set page size, add text, add graphics), you might want to take a look at the Quick PDF Library Lite version. Quick PDF Library Lite offers a subset of the functionality found in Quick PDF Library - a royalty-free PDF developer SDK. Whats more: Quick PDF Library Lite is available as an ActiveX component and works with C, C, C#, Delphi, PHP, Visual Basic, VB.NET, ASP, PowerBASIC, Pascal or any other language that supports ActiveX. Heres a short list of the supported functions in Quick PDF Library Lite (names would give you the clue of the actual usage): AddImageFromFile, AddLinkToWeb, AddStandardFont, DocumentCount, DrawImage, DrawText, FindImages, GetInformation, HasFontResources, ImageCount, ImageHeight, ImageWidth, Linearized, LoadFromFile, NewDocument, NewPage, PageCount, PageHeight, PageRotation, PageWidth, RemoveDocument, SaveToFile, SecurityInfo, SelectDocument, SelectedDocument, SelectFont, SelectImage, SelectPage, SetInformation, SetOrigin, SetPageSize, SetPageDimensions, SetTextAlign, SetTextColor, SetTextSize. Note: the Lite version of Quick PDF Library comes as an ActiveX component. You need to register the ActiveX library with Windows, using the following command:regsvr32 \QuickPDFLite0719.dll Next, heres a simple usage example: uses ComObj;procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);var QP: Variant;begin QP : CreateOleObject(QuickPDFLite0719.PDFLibrary); QP.DrawText(100, 500, Hello World!); QP.SaveToFile(c:\test.pdf); QP : Unassigned;end;

Hybrid Power System Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Hybrid Power System - Coursework Example The paper tells that the power system of choice which best suits this project is â€Å"Hybrid Power System†. This system employs combination of Off grid renewable energy technologies among which we are going to use a combination of Solar, Wind, Hydropower and for an emergency back up a gasoline/diesel generator is also provided. Hybrid power system is selected due to two reasons, firstly because it can be established off-grid to satisfy small demand of electricity and long distribution infrastructure can be avoided. Secondly as we are aware that none of the available sources of energy ie Solar,Wind or Hydropower are available continuously and change due to sunshine, high and low flow of wind and water, hence they cannot meet the base demand of the facility and have to be used intermittently. On a macro scale the Hybird system work in three phases, production, Power electronics and Consumption. The production is done by the Renewable Energy system, stored by batteries and in ca se of backup by generator. Then the Power Electronics regulates the supply and transmission of the power to the appliances where the load is required. To meet the base demand of 100KVa at a power factor of 1, thus energy requirement of 100KW we will include a system setup which will include three complete 20 kW solar panels. The photovoltaic systems that are available in the market are of 20kW, 50 kW and 100 kW and thus it has been concluded that three 20 KW panels are used. In case of failure of one, the system does not collapse completely. The next component in the Hybrid system’s energy input is the wind turbines. ... For which it is suggested that Volute axial flow water turbine generator is employed and several similar assemblies of this turbine is used for the production. It is calculated, that with Volute axial flow water turbine generator, a head of about 2 meters and flow of 85 liters/sec a power of about 1 KW can be generated. Where as in our case the flow of 1800 to 2500 liters/sec several similar assemblies can be installed.It can be concluded that about 25 KW energy can be generated by Hydropower. The picture, details, specifications and references of Volute axial flow water turbine generator are given in Appendix 3. Lastly the question arises that how is this whole system going to work as one and deliver the requirements. To explain the whole working of the Hybrid System the following flow diagram is presented which shows how the required AC current and load is produced and transmitted in the system. The figure shows how the AC main bus line is used to produce, store and then transmit t he load. This is the complete power system under consideration. 2. Explain the scientific principles involved in your choice of power system. The scientific principles involved in the individual power system are as follows. Solar Power System The solar energy depends on two things, firstly the solar radiance and secondly the nature of the PV cell materials. The PV cells have two types of materials p-type silicon and n-type silicon. When the light strikes the cell surface, it transmit energy and ionize the atoms in the silicon material, due to this there is development of internal fields and then a junction separates the positive and negative charges in the PV cell. The positive charges go into the P-Layer and the negative

Emergence of Capitalism in Western Europe Essay

Emergence of Capitalism in Western Europe - Essay Example ationship amongst the various processes of production, distribution, consumption and exchange, it was, nevertheless unable to visualize the importance of creating facilitating environment of growth through incentives to farmers. The farmers were therefore forced to produce not for profit but for sustenance. Another key factor that contributed to the decline of feudalism was its tendency to encourage population growth for both the peasants and the feudal lords (Dobb, 1963). The large peasant family helped in farming but it led to defragmentation of land holding and lower production in the long run. The enlarged family of local rulers strengthened their political power as the family members were absorbed in the military. This again put pressure on the farmers as surplus was used to support growing number of military. The enlarged family of rulers also witnessed reduced power as land was divided amongst larger number of inheritors. In order to strengthen the position of feudal lords, th e major states of Western Europe like Germany, France, Italy, Portugal etc. raised taxes and appropriation on surplus that led to the widespread revolt of the peasant (Maddison, 2007). The revolt of peasants was joined by the proletarian class which significantly helped in the fall of feudal system in Western Europe. All these factors became key issues for the decline for feudal system in Western Europe. 3. Emergence of Capitalism in Western Europe in 17th to 19th century One of the most important factors that had emerged from the fall of feudalism was the development of bartering economy and expansion of trade over larger geographical areas (Ingram, 2008). The money was minted and used for payments in various economic activities like sale and purchase/ lease/ rent of land, goods and... The enlarged family of local rulers strengthened their political power as the family members were absorbed in the military. This again put pressure on the farmers as surplus was used to support growing number of military. The enlarged family of rulers also witnessed reduced power as land was divided amongst larger number of inheritors. In order to strengthen the position of feudal lords, the major states of Western Europe like Germany, France, Italy, Portugal etc. raised taxes and appropriation on surplus that led to the widespread revolt of the peasant (Maddison, 2007). The revolt of peasants was joined by the proletarian class which significantly helped in the fall of feudal system in Western Europe. All these factors became key issues for the decline for feudal system in Western Europe.3.   Emergence of Capitalism in Western Europe in 17th to 19th century  One of the most important factors that had emerged from the fall of feudalism was the development of bartering economy and expansion of trade over larger geographical areas (Ingram, 2008). The money was minted and used for payments in various economic activities like sale and purchase/ lease/ rent of land, goods and services. The peasants and farm workers were more motivated because of wage based labour. Most importantly, the payment system in standardized form of money made it easy to switch the occupation, the feudal soldiers and serfs could now be replaced with paid soldiers and peasants boasting greater skills. It helped to highlight the importance of labour.

The Saga of Erik the Red Essay Example for Free

The Saga of Erik the Red Essay The real name of Eric the Red was â€Å"Eirikr Thorvaldsson† (Chuck Ayoub, 2004). He was a Viking and Norse chieftain born in Jaeder district of south-west Norway (Ingrid Shumway, 2005) in 950 AD (Tiffany Kaylor, 1976). His father name was Thorvald Asvaldsson (Duncan Thompson, 2006). Eric is given the name of Eric the Red because he had red beard, red hairs (Jan Furst, 2004) and florid complexion (Chuck Ayoub, 2004). His father was exiled from Norway in 960 AD because he murdered a person there (Ingrid Shumway, 2005). The family moved to Iceland and settled in a Norse colony on the coast of Iceland (Jan Furst, 2004). After some years his father dead and Eric married a woman Thorhild (Duncan Thompson, 2006). After some years Eric the Red was exiled for three years from the country because he got involved in the murder of some people (Tiffany Kaylor, 1976). He then decided to explore the land which was at a distance of about 500 miles west of Iceland (Jan Furst, 2004). Eric heard about the land from different people. Later on Eric gave this land a name that was Greenland (Tiffany Kaylor, 1976). It is believed that Gunnjborn Ulf-Krakuson (Tiffany Kaylor, 1976) was the first person who reached Greenland when he was accidentally pushed by the harsh winds towards the land (Ingrid Shumway, 2005). Eric made his voyage towards the land in 982 (Jan Furst, 2004) and spent three years in exploring different parts and coasts of the land (Chuck Ayoub, 2004). He established the first Nordic settlement in Greenland (Jan Furst, 2004) and he is called the founder of Greenland (Tiffany Kaylor, 1976). After three years of banishment he returned to Iceland (Jan Furst, 2004) and told people about new land and gave it a name of Greenland to attract people towards it (Jeff McIntire-Strasburg, 2007). He then made another journey with a group of people towards Greenland in 985. These people were settled in Greenland and established their colonies there. The land grew prosper and soon there were 3000 people living there (Ingrid Shumway, 2005). Eric was also one of the early Viking explorers of North America (Tiffany Kaylor, 1976). He was willing to explore more lands along with his children however he was injured after falling from horse (Jan Furst, 2004) and didn’t managed to go with them. He lived in his farm in the Greenland till his death in 1003 (Chuck Ayoub, 2004). Eric Exiled from Iceland Eric came to Iceland as a child as his father was exiled from Norway when he murdered a person there (Tiffany Kaylor, 1976). Eric the Red was settled down in Iceland along with his family. He got married with Thorhild (Tiffany Kaylor, 1976) who was the daughter of Jorund Atlisson (Ingrid Shumway, 2005). He received some land at Eriksstadir in Haukadale from Jorund Atlisson as a dowry (Ingrid Shumway, 2005). He built his farm on the land (Jan Furst, 2004). He didn’t get any lesson from the mistake of his father and in 982 following the footprints of his father, Eric also murdered some people. Thorgest was the neighbor of Eric who borrowed few wooden bench boards from him (Chuck Ayoub, 2004). Thorgest refused to return the bench boards and Eric went to his home enquiring about them and tried to steal them. They started fighting and eventually Eric murdered two sons of Thorgest (Ingrid Shumway, 2005). Some historians have also stated that the wooden bench marks were not the matter of dispute among them but there were some â€Å"diasposts† (UXL Newsmakers, 2005) that Eric leave with Thorgest for some time and when Eric ask to give them back, Thorgest refused. These diasposts were symbols of Vikings authority and possess great religious significance for Eric that why he was much concerned about getting them back from Thorgest. The second incident was the murder of Valthjof (Tiffany Kaylor, 1976). Some slaves of Eric started landslides on the farm of Valthjof, in return he murdered the slaves as punishment. Eric took the revenge of his slaves’ deaths (Duncan Thompson, 2006) and killed Valthjof (Ingrid Shumway, 2005). These murders became the basis for the Eric banishment from the Iceland. Thorgest went to the court and complained about the murder of his sons (Ingrid Shumway, 2005). Eric was found offender and the judge Thorness Thing (Chuck Ayoub, 2004) exiled him from Norway and Iceland. He then decided to explore the land which was about 500 miles west from Iceland. The Voyage towards Greenland After exiled from Iceland and Norway, Eric had no other way to go and live. He decided to explore a new land which was situated at the western side of Iceland at a distance of about 500 miles. It could be seen from the peaks of the mountains standing in the western island (Ingrid Shumway, 2005). Eric has also heard about the land from different people. The land was already explored accidentally by Gunnjborn Ulf-Krakuson (Tiffany Kaylor, 1976) who was pushed towards the land by the harsh winds. After him another sailor Sn? bjorn Galti reached the land. Galti was the first Norseman who attempted to establish a colony in Greenland however he failed to do so after facing severe disasters (Chuck Ayoub, 2004). Finally Eric decided to explore the land. He arranges a boat called â€Å"Knorrs† (Duncan Thompson, 2006) that could be helpful throughout his journey. The Vikings used to travel in long boats (Tiffany Kaylor, 1976) and Eric also selected a 100 foots long boat for him and started his voyage. Exploring Greenland The journey was very tough however they managed to reach the southern part of the island. He then moved towards the west coast and settle in that part of the island Ingrid Shumway, 2005). When he reached the land, he found it bit warmer then Iceland. He saw that there were fertile meadowlands that could be best place for farming and keeping the animals. There were many wild animals present in the island but there were no signs of human life (Jan Furst, 2004). Eric decided to establish a colony in the land. Eric the Red passed three years of banishment in the island. He kept on exploring different parts of Island during these three years. He spend his first winter in Eiriksey, the second winter he moved towards Eiriksholmar and in the third summer he explored the northern part of the island and stayed at Snaefell and Hrafnsfjord (Chuck Ayoub, 2004). Back to Iceland After spending three years of exile, Eric returned to Iceland (Ingrid Shumway, 2005) where he told people stories of the new land that he discovered during the last three years. He gave name of â€Å"Greenland† to the island in order to attract the people towards it (Tiffany Kaylor, 1976). Iceland was getting over populated and people were looking for some place where they could have more land for farming and houses (Chuck Ayoub, 2004). The Eric’s portrayal of Greenland attracts many people and they took it as a great opportunity to move towards a land that seems more fertile and favorable for them Ingrid Shumway, 2005). Many Icelanders showed their intentions for traveling towards the new island Greenland. Second Voyage towards Greenland Eric spent a winter in the Iceland and then in 985 (Duncan Thompson, 2006) finally he began his second trip to the Greenland. At this time many people were following him (Ingrid Shumway, 2005). They prepare themselves for the tough journey. People keep their gears and livestock with them in the long boats and then they started their voyage on 25 boats Ingrid Shumway, 2005). The journey was very tough and just 14 boats out of 25 succeeded to reach the destination safely along with their livestock and other luggage. Out of the rest 11 boats some were destroyed in the sea and some people also go back when they find it difficult to reach the new island. Among the 350 survivors (Duncan Thompson, 2006) some became sick and some got injuries also. However the team reached the island and became the first European group to reach this destination (Tiffany Kaylor, 1976). Settlement in Greenland These people started their lives in Greenland. In the beginning there were two colonies established on the west coast of the island. One was eastern settlement and another was western settlement. Eric gave new colonies the names of Eystribygg? nd Vestribygg? respectively (Chuck Ayoub, 2004). Both of these two colonies were established in western coast of the island because only that land was suitable for farming (Duncan Thompson, 2006). The other parts were not fertile and suitable for farming or livelihood. Very soon Middle settlement was also established. Eric choose suitable place for his home and farm and start lining at their like lords along with his family. Eric was also given the title of â€Å"paramount chieftain of Greenland† (Chuck Ayoub, 2004). Eric the Red not only got lot of respect from the people but also become wealthy. He lived with his wife and four children. He had three sons Leif, Thorvald, and Thorstein and a daughter named Freydis (Duncan Thompson, 2006). Eric belonged to pagan religion (Tiffany Kaylor, 1976). His con Leif become a follower of Christianity and spread the religion among the people settles in Greenland (Ingrid Shumway, 2005). He was considered as the person who brings Christianity in Greenland. The wife of Erik also turned to Christianity and she was the one who build this first Christian church of the America along with his son Leif on their farm (Chuck Ayoub, 2004). Why â€Å"Greenland†? When Eric the Red came back Iceland and told people about the new land that he explored he gave the land a name â€Å"Greenland† because he want to attract people towards the new land. He made the new island appealing for the people of Iceland who were suffering from overpopulation and food shortage (Ingrid Shumway, 2005). Eric the Red believed that name of a land could have great impact on the mind of people that’s why he selected a name that express the quality of island and make people to think about it. He explained his logic that â€Å"people would be attracted to go there if it had a favorable name (Chuck Ayoub, 2004). There were many reasons behind his thought of attracting people towards Greenland. Eric was exiled from Iceland after committing murders of some people so he doesn’t have good reputation among the Icelanders. Eric want to restore his good will that’s why he talk about new land and show sympathy for the people who were facing difficulties in surviving in Iceland (Duncan Thompson, 2006). He was also aware of the fact that in order to make a successful settlement in Greenland it is necessary that he should have cooperation of many people. That’s why he attracted and encouraged people so that they join him in his second voyage. Eric possessed good qualities of salesmanship and he utilized these skills very (Chuck Ayoub, 2004). He made people to decide for migration and many people were among him in his second voyage (Ingrid Shumway, 2005). Eric show people wrong picture of the new island so that they went with him. While living in Greenland, Eric choose that best part of land for himself and made his house in the eastern settlement which was the most fertile and green part of the island. (Jeff McIntire-Strasburg, 2007). He did all that just because he wanted more people to move towards Greenland. Iceland was already overpopulated. Eric the Red had already realized that it would be difficult for him to have more land area for farming and living in Iceland whereas in Greenland there was a great opportunity for him to build his home and farm at place of his own choice. When Eric the Red and his followers reached and settled in Greenland, Eric also decided to live there and he spend the rest of his life staying at the same island. He was also dead at the same place that he gave a name â€Å"Greenland† (Duncan Thompson, 2006). Was Greenland really Green? Greenland was actually not a lush green land even in those days (Jeff McIntire-Strasburg, 2007). There were some areas that were suitable for the farming and inhabitation but over the entire island possessed harsh climate. The reality was different from what Eric showed the people. In reality Greenland is icier then Iceland and Iceland is more green then the Greenland (Tan Wee Cheng, 2001). Most of the area of Greenland is covered with ice and there is not much greenery and fertility in the land. The island remained blocked due to ice in many months of the year and activities of people are also badly suffered during these months. From July to September people restored their activities and make arrangements for their survival through out the year (Tan Wee Cheng, 2001). The act of Eric to insist people towards Greenland by portraying a wrong picture in front of them is considered by some people as a â€Å"greatest fraud in the history of the world property† (Tan Wee Cheng, 2001). Because many people leave Iceland and go with him towards Greenland by imagining greenery of Greenland but in real there was a â€Å"desolate coldness and hostile environment† in the island (Tan Wee Cheng, 2001). Though the colony grew but the people soon died due to unfavorable climatic conditions. Difficulties of the Settlers The livelihood was not very charming at Greenland (Ingrid Shumway, 2005) especially in winters traveling and hunting became very difficult. However in the season of summer the traveling and farming conditions of the land became much better and favorable to the colonists. Each of the settlement form a group of people who went to the bays of the island and hunt there for food and other essential living commodities like ropes beached whales and tusks etc (Chuck Ayoub, 2004). Eric and his fellow settlers of the Greenland faced several problems in the island. First of all they have to maintain a balance between population level and food supply otherwise there would always a chance of food shortage. They managed to get enough food that they hardly keep their bodies and soul together (Chuck Ayoub, 2004). Many historians believe that the settlers were facing certain problems while living at new place because they failed to blend themselves in the new surroundings. They were familiar to a different life style but in the new place the situation demanded something else. Many of them could not change themselves according to the requirement of the situation and faced many difficulties in their lives. Many people missed their fellows and relatives who were left in the Iceland and they feel depressed and lonely without them (Chuck Ayoub, 2004). They faced many problems but succeeded to establish a colony in Greenland that properly grew with time and the colony became â€Å"one of the great stepping stones in Norse expansion and exploration† (Chuck Ayoub, 2004).

Photograph of the Demolition of the Crystal Palace, 1936 Essay

Photograph of the Demolition of the Crystal Palace, 1936 The Crystal Palace designed by Joseph Paxton stood for eighty-five years. It succumbed to fire "at six o'clock on the evening of 30th November 1936" (Beaver, 141). A fire was discovered in the staff lavatory, and within minutes the whole structure was ablaze. The spectacular building was engulfed in fire as it dissolved into just a skeleton of its former structure. Paxton used innovative methods of construction on the Crystal Palace, greatly influenced by the bridge and train shed construction of the day. With the introduction of iron elements, architects could be more creative, and more "modern" with their designs, straying from classical precedents. Paxton, with engineers Fox and Henderson, "created what amounted to a giant greenhouse, which was fabricated of little more then panes of glass and iron-and-wood framework" (Hyman & Trachtenberg, 482). It was predicted that the building would require a staggering amount of new materials: "900,000 square feet of glass," "3,300 iron columns; 2,224 girders; and 205 miles of sashbars" (Hobhouse, 39). The use of standardized, prefabricated materials helped to revolutionize architectural methods, prompting other designers to follow Paxton's lead. The Galerie des Machines and the Eiffel Tower built for the Paris 1889 Fair both implemented the light, airy method of iron construction. The grand exhibition building was constructed out of prefabricated elements that were easily erected and could be disassembled when the exhibition was over. The Crystal Palace was first built in Hyde Park, the site of the Great Exhibition of 1851, where it stood for one year. After the fair, it was decided that the building would be taken down and... ...ew of the sculptures added by Paxton and Cole to decorate the park (Beaver, 146). Thanks to personal photographs and private collections such as that of the University of Maryland we are able to get a glimpse of an architectural and social icon. Works Cited Beaver, Patrick. The Crystal Palace, 1851-1936: a portrait of Victorian enterprise. London, Hugh Evelyn Ltd., 1970. Cowper, Charles. The building erected in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations, 1851. London: Victoria and Albert Museum. 1972. Hobhouse, Christopher. 1851 and the Crystal Palace; being an account of the Great Exhibition and its contents; of Sir Joseph Paxton; and the erection, the subsequent history and the destruction of his masterpiece. London, Murray, 1950. Hyman, Isabelle; Trachtenberg, Marvin. Architecture. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc. 1986.

Bim Revolutionise Qs Profession

1) Introduction 2) Building Information Modelling (BIM), how it may revolutionise the QS profession 3) The Differences Between CAD and BIM 4) Highlight and discuss the future strategic skills of QS due to the advent of BIM and such like 5) References Introduction Nowadays, the advent of information technology era has ushered in Building Information Modelling (BIM). ? It is an innovative new approach to building design, construction and management which has been introduced by AUTODESK (2002). ? BIM have an impact on most areas of business management and operation. It changed the way industry professionals worldwide think about how technology can be applied to building design, construction and management. ? It will revolutionise methods of working and redefine the relationships between construction professionals. ? It will challenge current thinking on contracts and most importantly, it will support the integration of the design and construction teams. ? BIM supports the continuous and immediate availability of project design scope, schedule and cost information that is high quality, reliable, integrated and fully coordinated. BIM provide a visual aspect of the design, hence simplifying the work on the construction site. Thus, Building Information Modelling (BIM) may be considered as the current state of art in CAD developments. ? Advances in drawing technology which is Computer Aided Drawing (CAD) make the researchers and practitioners working hard to exploit CAD data in order to generate Bills of Quantities. ? Currently it is being implemented by a significant number of architectural and engineering practices, and has the potential to revolutionise the quantity surveying profession. An effective definition of BIM is provided by Schwegler, he process of creating an information database for a project in which lifecycle information is expressed in an interoperable manner to create, engineer, estimate, illustrate and construct a construction project. †¢ In this system, the design data will be kept in digital form which will make it easier to update-better coordination and it will be more valuable to the industry professionals. †¢ Apart from that, creating real-time, consistent relationship between digital design data with innovative parametric building modelling technology Can save significant amount of time, money and increase the project productivity and quality The Differences between CAD and BIM Building Information Modelling (BIM), how it may revolutionise the QS profession Due to the auto-measurement created by BIM we are able to inform the design as it develops with the knowledge of quantity and cost, not just measure and cost the design, which is often too late. Apart from that it will also facilitate the preparation of accurate estimates. |The process of taking the existing design information at design development stages and modelling it in 3D are used in terms of the | |identification and as an aid to eliminate clashes and co-ordination errors. |Once we developed the 3D modelling and process it to dynamically populate Bills of Quantities and specification from models. | |The BIM services became in demand by being able to compete on cost with traditional methods but able to respond faster and benefits of | |the core process of modelling to provide a visual record of what has been measured where. | Therefore the quantity surveyor does not have to do estimates and measurement for the project. Thus, the quantity surveyor does not have to do Bills of Quantities and specification for the project. Using BIM is like we use the best available technology to do things faster and better, and eliminate waste and repeated work. In order to avoid the inefficiencies we need to normalise data, enter information once and reuse it many times, turning data into an asset in which it could be as simple as entering the name and address of a supplier once at the inception stage of a project. When we enter the supplier’s information, automatically current price of the item will be inserted in the digital data information. The core process of 3D modelling for measurement produces model that can be divided for many other purposes at marginal cost. For instance ? clash detection, ? construction sequences ? printing physical models ? presentation and visualisation, ? speeding up the process of understanding information about the project ? communicating it to those who are not so adept at reading drawings Apart from that, the mode of communication between the construction professionals also changed due to introduction of BIM in the construction industry. This is because, the building product model is used as a tool to communicate with other professionals about costing where this situation will reduced the QS time spend in communicating with architects, engineers, contractors and client. By using this building product model, people will get a clearer view in what the QS explained about. Next, with the introduction of BIM, the progress of works in all stages will be reduced. This is due to the sophisticated software where any correction on the drawing will be automatically updated on the building model and there is no need for other profession to revise their works. If any disputes occur, they can just refer to building model to justify or make any amendments. Highlight and discuss the future strategic skills of QS due to the advent of BIM and such like At the end of twentieth century, many challenges had been faced by the profession. With the increased activities associated with the information technology in which removed some of the repetitive tasks related to their work make the profession to develop and utilise their skills more fully. For instance, from solely considering initial costs of construction emphasis which then shifted to identifying and adding value to the development processes. ? The quantity surveyor need to expand their skills, expertise and client based in order to survive. The 21st century quantity surveyor should be a resource primed to add value to the entire development process by the unique menu of skills and competencies. ? The knowledge driven services provide competencies that should encourage â€Å"service mix†. It is like retooling the traditional skills and require expansive of new streams of knowledge to face the challenges. Thus, a quantity surveyor firm should specialize in a selection of the se services which has been organized in cognate clusters. Therefore, they have to differentiate its services portfolio. 1. Financial advisory services | |Investment appraisal | |Financial analysis | |Life cycle costing | |Expenditure statements for taxation and account purposes | |Capital allowance management | 2. Management Advisory Services | |Feasibility studies | |Cost planning / management | |Property management | |Facility management | |Asset management | |Risk management | |Conditions survey | |Value management and analysis | |Replacement cost for insurance purposes | 3. Procurement Management | |Preliminary cost advice | |Estimating, measurement and quantification with the help of BIM | |Advising on contractual methods | |Advising on the contractor’s selection | |Preparing tender documents | |Obtaining or negotiating tender bids | |Valuing construction work | |Preparing and agreeing accounts with contractors | |Cost control and post contract management | |Project management and coordination | |Scheduling and planning | 4. Legal advisory services | |Expert testimony / litigation support | |Arbitration | |Dispute and conflict management (ADR) | |Advice on claims preparation and claim defense | |Contract auditting | The general orientation is that the QS profession has shifted from a mere technical function to a more managerial function within the context of the market place It is rather a deepening of expertise in the core traditional function while adding on other competencies as dictated by the market place. Apart from that, a quantity surveyor should develop inter-personal skills in order to survive in this competitive environment. The traditional professional service posture is sales oriented rather than marketing oriented. We should know that the era when clients consulted the consultants has long disappeared. Nowadays, the consultants are compelled by the market to ‘consult’ potential clients it is like ‘reverse consulting’. Therefore whilst ‘sales orientation’ focuses on ‘selling the professionals’ services to the customer/client, ‘marketing orientation’ develops new services to suit the client’s changing needs. |Selling |Marketing | |a |Emphasis on product |Emphasis on customer/clients wants | |b |Company first makes the product and figures out how |Company first determines what customer/clients wants and make | | |to sell it |product/services to satisfy those wants | |c |Planning is short-run oriented in terms of today’s |Planning is long-run oriented in terms of new products, tomorrows| | |products and markets |market and future growth | The quantity surveyor must now provide clients with strategic advice at a much higher level than previously actions. We must place ourselves higher up in the agenda by providing strategic advice at entire group of people, advising on how best to manage the entire cost and property portfolio. Quantity surveyor is a professional who is able to analyse construction into its cost significant elements and functions, able to translate and extract the key quantity and cost elements of drawings and specifications into contract documents that then enable the delivery of best value for money through an understanding of construction, economics and management’, as opine by Westcott and Burnside (2003). Apart from that, quantity surveyor should set good benchmarks for its current cost levels, set up a source of cost information which keeps pace with the growing industry needs and critically analysis project costs. The quantity surveyor should have communication skills in order to adapt with the fast changing of construction industry. We should be an effective communicator and to get our point across without misunderstanding and confusion. The content of our message should be clear enough for them to understand, concise, accurate, and well-planned communications. Apart from that, the quantity surveyor needs to enhance themselves in information technologies where it is also known as computer skills. It is because BIM only relies on those skills. They should master the basic computer skill as well as the complex computer skills in case they have problem with the software. In this era, those who do not know how to operate the computer device will be left far way behind the successful people. Thus, it is necessary for the quantity surveyor to master the computer skills and vast knowledge in information technologies. REFERENCES †¢ BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING – REPORT MARCH 2011www. thenbs. com/bim TOTAL COST MANAGEMENT AT THE DESIGN STAGE USING A BUILDING PRODUCT MODEL by Wilfred Masuwa Matipa [BSc (Hons), MSc, PGCertTT, MAACE, MCIOB] †¢ BUILDING INFORMATIUON MODELLING AND QUANTITY SURVEYING PRACTICE by O. A. Olatunji, W. Sher and N. Gu Emirates Journal for Engineering Research, 15(1), 67-70(2010) †¢ http://m. building. co. uk/qs/rise-of-the-machines-bim-and-qss/5019945. mobile †¢ http://m. building. co. uk/buildings/project-stage/the-use-of-force-building-information-modelling/5007579. mobile ———————– Construction Industry Professionals Computer Aided Design (CAD) Auto CAD Design Tools Facilitate speed Enhance quality of design Traditional approach To plan manually To design manually To take off manually Building Information Modelling (BIM) Transform 2-dimensional CAD designs Virtual 3-dimensional building model Transform construction industry To computer-based working environment Satisfy client’s requirement 2-dimensional CAD tools Used by designers to Plan Sketch Design The buildings Plan Section Elevation Perspective views of the building Mistakes and discrepancies found If architect want to change the front and back design of the building Need to edit elevation sections of the drawing Need to inform the structural engineer, QS, for amendments BIM Complete virtual building model Formulated by input all design construction information into BIM software Encompass all information of the project Design data Performance data Quantities of material Specification of material Appropriate construction sequence External environment constraints Best construction approach Time line of the project Assist construction professionals from Preliminary stage Operational period of building after completion A change in building model will automatically amend all other related information By entering the command of deleting a section of wall, the design data of wall, windows, and doors will be omitted instantly Change in cost and performance and other aspects of the building will be adjusted accordingly